Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) advantages and Application

Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) can be broadly defined as systems integrating biological degradation of wastewater with membrane filtration. They have proven quite effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants as well as biological entities from wastewater.
MBR has several types include tubular, plate and hollow fiber, and the PVDF material of hollow fibers is proved as the most price reasonable and good performace. The pore size of membranes used ranged from 0.01 to 0.4 µm.

Advantages of the MBR
1).  It include good control of biological activity or Automatical control whole STP System, less labor cost.
2)  High quality effluent free of bacteria and pathogens
3)  Smaller plant size (Lower space required because of higher MLSS short HRT-hydraulic retention time )
4)  Higher organic loading rates.

The Application of MBR 
Current the MBR is widely apply to all types of wastewater, the applications include water recycling in buildings, wastewater treatment for small communities, industrial wastewater treatment, and landfill leachate treatment, and agricultural wastewater processing.
1 ).  Applications in municipal wastewater treatment
MBR systems were initially used for municipal wastewater treatment, primarily in the area of water reuse and recycling. Compactness, production of reusable water, and trouble-free operation made the MBR an ideal process for recycling municipal wastewater in water and space limited environments.
2) Applications in industrial wastewater treatment
High organic loadings and very specific and difficult to treat compounds are two major characteristics of industrial waste streams that render alternative treatment techniques such as the MBR desirable. Since, traditionally wastewater with high COD content was treated under anaerobic conditions, initial attempts
of MBR applications for industrial wastewater were in the field of anaerobic treatment，Also effective removal of nitrates, herbicides,pesticides, and endocrine disrupting compounds may be achieved by MBRs.
3) Applications in fields of landfill leachate, sludge digestion, and human excrement
In addition to municipal and industrial wastewater treatment,MBRs have been utilized in a number of other areas. One such area is the treatment of landfill leachates. Landfill leachates usually contain high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds. Conventionally, the treatment of leachates involves a physical, biological, or membrane filtration process (or a combination of them). MBR systems have been successfully utilized with an additional treatment step for inorganics and heavy metal removal, such as Nano Filtration and reverse osmosis (RO). Several industrial scale plants, combining a MBR, Nano filtration and a reverse osmosis system, are presently operated (Hinada Landfill Leachates project as reference)

Conclusions
The membrane bioreactor technology has great potential in wide ranging applications including municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, groundwater and drinking water abatement, solid waste digestion, and odor control. The MBR technical feasibility of this process has been demonstrated through numbers of pilot. Hinada has full scale systems are operational in various parts of the world and manufactured the MBR since 2012. The MBR process is already considered as a viable alternative for many waste treatment challenges and with water quality issues firmly placed into the forefront of public debate, ever tightening discharge standards and increasing water shortages will further accelerate the development of this technology.
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